RAS Mutations and Oncogenesis: Not all RAS Mutations are Created Equally

RAS Mutations and Oncogenesis: Not all RAS Mutations are Created Equally

Mutation in RAS proteins is one of the most common genetic alterations observed in human and experimentally induced rodent cancers. In vivo, oncogenic mutations have been shown to occur at exons 12, 13, and 61, resulting in any 1 of 19 possible point mutations in a given tumor for a specific RAS isoform. While some studies have suggested a possible role of different mutant alleles in determinin...

Not All Trade Restrictions are Created Equally ∗

There has been great focus in the recent trade theory literature on the introduction of firm heterogeneity into trade models. This introduction has highlighted the importance of the entry/exit decision of firms in response to changes in trade barriers. However, it is typical in many of these models to use iceberg transport costs as a general form of trade barriers that can be interchangeable wi...

Sestamibi scans are not all created equally.

HYPOTHESIS The sensitivity of sestamibi scanning techniques used for preoperative localization in primary hyperparathyroidism is a function of the parameters of image acquisition and processing. DESIGN Criterion standard vs optimized technique. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS One hundred forty-eight consecutive patients with primary hyperthyroidism were analyzed. Under the init...

Independent Mutations in the Not All SCID Pigs Are Created Equally: Two

Inhibition of EGFR Signaling: All Mutations Are Not Created Equal

1085 T yrosine kinases (TKs) are found only in metazoans, where they regulate multiple critical multicellular functions, including growth, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion, and mobility [1]. As these functions also play critical roles in tumorigenesis, TKs are the prototypical class of oncogenes involved in many human malignancies. Of the 90 TKs, 58 are receptor TKs grouped into 20 subfamil...